mount
MOUNT(8) OpenBSD System Manager's Manual MOUNT(8)
NAME
mount - mount file systems
SYNOPSIS
mount [-Aadfruvw] [-t type]
mount [-dfrsuvw] special | node
mount [-dfruvw] [-o options] [-t type] special node
DESCRIPTION
The mount command invokes a file system specific program to prepare and
graft the special device or remote node (rhost:path) on to the file
system tree at the point node. If either special or node are not
provided, the appropriate information is taken from the fstab(5) file.
For disk partitions, the special device is either a disklabel(8) UID
(DUID) or an entry in /dev. If it is a DUID, it will be automatically
mapped to the appropriate entry in /dev. In either case the partition
must be present in the disklabel loaded from the device. The partition
name is the last letter in the entry name. For example, /dev/sd0a and
3eb7f9da875cb9ee.a both refer to the `a' partition.
A mount point node must be an existing directory for a mount to succeed
(except in the special case of /, of course). Only the superuser may
mount file systems unless kern.usermount is nonzero (see sysctl(8)), the
special device is readable and writeable by the user attempting the
mount, and the mount point node is owned by the user attempting the
mount.
The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems. If no
arguments are given to mount, this list is printed.
The options are as follows:
-A Causes mount to try to mount all of the file systems listed in
the fstab(5) table except those for which the ``noauto'' option
is specified.
-a Similar to the -A flag, except that if a file system (other than
the root file system) appears to be already mounted, mount will
not try to mount it again. mount assumes that a file system is
already mounted if a file system with the same type is mounted on
the given mount point. More stringent checks are not possible
because some file system types report strange values for the
mounted-from device for mounted file systems.
-d Causes everything to be done except for the invocation of the
file system specific program. This option is useful in
conjunction with the -v flag to determine what the mount command
is trying to do.
-f Either force mounting of dirty file systems or, in the case of a
downgrade from read-write to read-only operation, the revocation
of opened files with write access.
-o options
Options can be given with (or without) a `no' prefix to invert
their meaning. The options listed below specify non-default
values. For example, `nosoftdep' is the default, so `softdep'
can be used to mount the file system using soft dependencies.
Multiple options can be specified in a comma-separated list. The
available options are as follows:
async Metadata I/O to the file system should be done
asynchronously. By default, only regular data is
read/written asynchronously.
This is a dangerous flag to set since it does not
guarantee to keep a consistent file system structure on
the disk. You should not use this flag unless you are
prepared to recreate the file system should your system
crash. The most common use of this flag is to speed up
restore(8) where it can give a factor of two speed
increase.
The options async and softdep are mutually exclusive.
force The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access
when trying to downgrade a file system mount status from
read-write to read-only.
noatime
Do not update atime on files in the system unless the
mtime or ctime is being changed as well. This option is
useful for laptops and news servers where one does not
want the extra disk activity associated with updating the
atime.
noauto Do not mount the file system automatically (either at
boot or with the -A or -a options).
noaccesstime
Synonym for noatime provided for compatibility with other
operating systems.
nodev Do not interpret character or block special devices on
the file system. This option is useful for a server that
has file systems containing special devices for
architectures other than its own.
noexec Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted
file system. This option is useful for a server that has
file systems containing binaries for architectures other
than its own.
nosuid Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier
bits to take effect.
rdonly The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the
superuser may not write it).
softdep
(FFS only.) Mount the file system using soft
dependencies. Instead of metadata being written
immediately, it is written in an ordered fashion to keep
the on-disk state of the file system consistent. This
results in significant speedups for file create/delete
operations. This option is ignored when using the -u
flag and a file system is already mounted read/write.
The options async and softdep are mutually exclusive.
sync Regular data I/O to the file system should be done
synchronously. By default, only metadata is read/written
synchronously.
update The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already
mounted file system should be changed.
Any additional options specific to a given file system type (see
the -t option) may be passed as a comma separated list; these
options are distinguished by a leading ``-'' (dash). Options
that take a value are specified using the syntax -option=value.
For example:
# mount -t mfs -o rw,nodev,nosuid,-s=153600 /dev/sd0b /tmp
That causes mount to execute the equivalent of:
# /sbin/mount_mfs -o rw,nodev,nosuid -s 153600 /dev/sd0b /tmp
The equivalent example in fstab(5) would be:
swap /tmp mfs rw,nodev,nosuid,-s=153600 0 0
-r The file system is to be mounted read-only. Mount the file
system read-only (even the superuser may not write it). The same
as the ``rdonly'' argument to the -o option.
-s Skip mounting the file system if it is already mounted. See the
-a flag for a description of the criteria used to decide if a
file system is already mounted.
-t type
The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system
type. The type ffs is the default. The -t option can be used to
indicate that the actions should only be taken on file systems of
the specified type. More than one type may be specified in a
comma separated list. The list of file system types can be
prefixed with ``no'' to specify the file system types for which
action should not be taken. For example, the mount command:
# mount -a -t nonfs,mfs
mounts all file systems except those of type NFS and MFS .
mount will attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_XXX where
XXX is replaced by the type name. For example, NFS file systems
are mounted by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.
-u The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file
system should be changed. Any of the options discussed above
(the -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed
from read-only to read-write or vice versa. An attempt to change
from read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the file
system are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is also
specified. Only options specified on the command line with -o
are changed; other file system options are unaltered. The
options set in the fstab(5) table are ignored.
-v Verbose mode.
-w The file system object is to be read and write.
The options specific to the various file system types are described in
the manual pages for those file systems' mount_XXX commands. For
instance, the options specific to Berkeley Fast File Systems are
described in the mount_ffs(8) manual page.
FILES
/etc/fstab file system table
EXAMPLES
Mount a CD-ROM on node /mnt/cdrom:
# mount -t cd9660 -r /dev/cd0a /mnt/cdrom
Mount an MS-DOS USB stick with DUID 3eb7f9da875cb9ee on node /mnt/key:
# mount -t msdos 3eb7f9da875cb9ee.i /mnt/key
Graft a remote NFS file system on host host, path /path/name, on node
/mnt/nfs:
# mount host:/path/name /mnt/nfs
Remount /var with option ``dev'':
# mount -u -o dev /var
SEE ALSO
mount(2), fstab(5), disklabel(8), mount_cd9660(8), mount_ext2fs(8),
mount_ffs(8), mount_mfs(8), mount_msdos(8), mount_nfs(8), mount_nnpfs(8),
mount_ntfs(8), mount_procfs(8), mount_udf(8), mount_vnd(8), sysctl(8),
umount(8)
HISTORY
A mount command appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX.
CAVEATS
After a successful mount, the permissions on the original mount point
determine if ``..'' is accessible from the mounted file system. The
minimum permissions for the mount point for traversal across the mount
point in both directions to be possible for all users is 0111 (execute
for all).
OpenBSD 5.1 April 5, 2011 OpenBSD 5.1
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